Preventing Frostbite

Frostbite is a condition that occurs when the skin and its underlying tissues become frozen. This condition can lead to stinging, numbness, stiffness and blistering in the affected areas (usually your fingers, toes or face). In cold climates, everyone is susceptible to frostbite, especially workers who spend time outdoors. However, taking a few simple precautions can help keep you safe and healthy during the winter season.

Causes

Frostbite is caused by prolonged exposure to cold temperatures, usually accompanied by a low wind chill factor or by brief exposure to excessively frigid or wet conditions.

Risk Factors

Certain people are more susceptible to developing frostbite, including individuals over age 60 and those with circulatory problems. People who have diabetes are also at a greater risk.

Symptoms

Symptoms of frostbite may include the following:

• Partial or complete numbness
• Discoloration of the skin
• Burning and/or tingling sensations

If left untreated, frostbitten skin gradually darkens after a few hours. Skin destroyed by frostbite is completely black and looks loose and flayed, as if burnt.

Prevention

To reduce your risk of frostbite on the job, it’s important to protect your hands, feet, nose and ears. Bundle in warm, layered and loose-fitting clothing when heading out into winter’s worst weather. Also, avoid consuming coffee, soda or other caffeinated beverages that could dehydrate you and further lower your body temperature in frigid conditions. Additionally, refrain from smoking cigarettes, which can constrict your blood vessels and cut off blood flow, increasing your risk of frostbite.

Treatment

At the first sign of redness or pain in your skin, which may indicate that frostbite is developing, inform your supervisor and get out of the cold. Move to a warm area and remove any wet clothing as soon as possible. Do not rub or massage your skin or break any blisters, and do not apply direct heat from heating pads, radiators or fires. Instead, place the affected area in warm—not hot—water until the skin is soft and sensation has returned. If no water is nearby, cup your hands around the affected area and blow warm air onto it. Next, wrap the area in clean dressings and seek medical help. If it is unlikely that the affected area can be kept thawed before seeking medical attention, do not take steps to treat it—re-exposure to warmth can cause more extensive and severe damage.

For additional winter safety guidance, speak to your supervisor.